Understanding Luxating Patella in Dogs – Creature Comforts Veterinary Service, Saylorsburg, PA

What is a Luxating Patella in Dogs?

A luxating patella, commonly referred to as a “floating kneecap,” occurs when the patella (kneecap) shifts out of its normal position within the femoral groove of the thigh bone. This misalignment can cause discomfort, instability, and impaired mobility. Since the patella plays a critical role in knee function and movement, ongoing dislocation can lead to joint damage, cartilage deterioration, and arthritis.

If left untreated, a luxating patella can result in degenerative joint disease and long-term mobility challenges. Early diagnosis and intervention are key to preserving joint health and ensuring your dog’s continued comfort and activity levels.

Signs and Symptoms of Luxating Patella in Dogs

Recognizing the symptoms of a luxating patella early can help you seek prompt veterinary care. Common signs include:

  • Intermittent limping or lameness – Your dog may favor one leg or appear to “skip” while walking.
  • An abnormal gait – A characteristic “hopping” motion is common, especially during movement.
  • Sudden yelps of pain – Discomfort may be noticeable during play or physical activity.
  • Reluctance to run, jump, or climb stairs – Your dog may avoid activities that require full knee function.

Veterinarians classify luxating patella cases on a scale from Grade 1 (mild, with the kneecap slipping out and returning on its own) to Grade 4 (severe, where the kneecap is permanently out of place). Understanding the severity of your dog’s condition helps determine the most appropriate treatment plan.

Wondering about other causes? Read: Why is my dog limping? – AKC

Causes and Risk Factors for Patellar Luxation

Luxating patella can develop due to multiple factors, including:

  • Genetics – Certain breeds, such as Yorkshire Terriers, Pomeranians, and Chihuahuas, are predisposed to this condition due to inherited skeletal structures.
  • Trauma or Injury – A direct impact, fall, or accident can displace the kneecap.
  • Obesity – Excess weight places additional stress on the joints, exacerbating instability.
  • Skeletal Abnormalities – Improper bone alignment or a shallow femoral groove can contribute to recurrent kneecap dislocations.

Although smaller breeds are more commonly affected, luxating patella can occur in dogs of any size.

How is Luxating Patella Diagnosed?

A thorough veterinary examination is essential to confirm a diagnosis. Your veterinarian will perform a hands-on assessment of your dog’s knee, feeling for patellar instability and determining the severity of the condition. In some cases, imaging techniques such as X-rays, ultrasound, or MRI may be recommended to assess joint structure, rule out other orthopedic issues (such as hip dysplasia), and develop a treatment plan.

Contact Creature Comforts Veterinary Service for a diagnosis

Treatment Options for Luxating Patella

Treatment varies based on the severity of the condition. Mild cases (Grade 1 and some Grade 2) may be managed with non-surgical interventions, while moderate to severe cases (Grade 3 and 4) often require surgical correction.

Non-Surgical Treatments

For mild luxating patella cases, a combination of conservative treatments can help improve stability and reduce discomfort:

  • Weight Management – Maintaining an optimal weight reduces pressure on the joints.
  • Physical Therapy & Strength Training – Strengthening the surrounding muscles, particularly the quadriceps, helps stabilize the knee.
  • Joint Supplements – Glucosamine and chondroitin can support joint health and slow cartilage degradation.
  • Pain Management – Anti-inflammatory medications and pain relievers may be prescribed to alleviate discomfort.
  • Lifestyle Modifications – Limiting high-impact activities and providing traction-friendly flooring can help prevent worsening symptoms.
  • Alternative Medicine- Cold Laser Therapy, acupuncture, chiropractic work, and more are available to help your pet feel better. Ask Creature Comforts what we recommend!

Mobility Matters Guide – AAHA is a great guide to help understand how arthritis affects your pet’s life and what can be done to help.

Surgical Solutions for Severe Cases

When conservative management is ineffective, surgical intervention may be necessary. Common procedures include:

  • Tibial Tuberosity Transposition (TTT) – Realigns the tibial crest to prevent the patella from slipping.
  • Trochleoplasty – Deepens the groove in the femur where the kneecap sits, improving stability.
  • Soft Tissue Reconstruction – Tightens surrounding ligaments and tendons to secure the kneecap in place.

Post-surgical outcomes are generally positive, with most dogs regaining normal mobility and experiencing a significant reduction in pain.

Patellar Luxations in Small Animals – ACVS has more on surgery options.

Preparing for Surgery and Post-Operative Care

If surgery is recommended, pre-operative preparation and post-operative care are crucial for a smooth recovery.

Pre-Surgical Preparation

  • Fasting Instructions – Your veterinarian will provide guidelines on withholding food before anesthesia.
  • Pre-Surgical Screening – Blood tests and imaging may be required to assess overall health before surgery.

Post-Operative Care

  • Restricted Activity – Limit movement to prevent stress on the healing joint.
  • Pain Management – Administer prescribed medications as directed.
  • Rehabilitation Therapy – Controlled exercises and hydrotherapy may aid in recovery.
  • Follow-Up Appointments – Regular check-ups ensure proper healing and progress.
  • Supportive Bracing (if recommended) – In some cases, knee braces may help stabilize the joint post-surgery.

Frequently Asked Questions

What is the prognosis for dogs with a treated luxating patella?
With proper treatment, most dogs recover well and regain full mobility. Mild cases managed conservatively often do not progress, while surgical outcomes are typically highly successful.

Can luxating patella be prevented?
While genetic predisposition cannot be changed, you can reduce risk factors by maintaining a healthy weight, ensuring proper nutrition, and providing regular veterinary check-ups.

How can I manage a dog with recurring patella issues?
Ongoing care may involve weight control, physical therapy, joint supplements, and routine veterinary monitoring.

When is luxating patella an emergency?
If your dog suddenly cannot bear weight on a limb, experiences intense pain, or if the knee becomes locked in place, seek emergency veterinary care.

Learn more at: Patellar Luxation in Dogs – Cornell Vet

Why Choose Creature Comforts Veterinary Service?

At Creature Comforts Veterinary Service, we are committed to providing exceptional care tailored to your dog’s unique needs. Our experienced team offers state-of-the-art diagnostics, personalized treatment plans, and compassionate support throughout your pet’s recovery journey. We are dedicated to helping your dog regain mobility, comfort, and quality of life.

When you’re ready to schedule an appointment, visit our Request Appointment page.

Early detection and appropriate treatment of luxating patella can make a significant difference in your dog’s long-term mobility and well-being. If you have concerns about your pet’s knee health, don’t hesitate to reach out to our expert team at Creature Comforts Veterinary Service.